American contact with the helloan islands dates to the eighteenth century. English all overlord James Cook became the first Westerner to visit the islands in 1778, and by 1788 American fur traders and merchantmen were calling upon the islands. Hawaii speedily became a favorite destination for captains seeking replenishments for their ships and sailors seeking a holiday in paradise (McDougall 105).
At that time, chiefs ruled Hawaii island by island, holding sway over the land and the people. When a chief died, his property and that of his vassals went up for grabs, leading to an often tempestuous society battling for control of individual islands. British technology and maneuver changed that, however, helping King Kamehameha conquer all of the Hawaiian islands but Kauai by 1796 (Dougherty 43). Kamehameha united Hawaii under his rule, and much the like any other nation, Hawaii had one voice in its dealings with foreigners. The stability prompted a boom in trade, manner of speaking a host of ships to the islands' harbors (McDougall 156-57).
The Westerners brought more than just goods: They also brought illness and potent weapons. Both had a dramatic effect on the Hawaiians, whose macrocosm fell from approximately 250,000 in 1778 to 130,000 in 1820. Kamehameha died in 1819, succee
By 1896, Hawaii had acquire an issue in the United States' presidential elections. The Republicans, who favored appropriation, won. First, though, chair McKinley acted to stem Nipponese immigration, sparking an international crisis. Japanese-Hawaiians protested, the Americans sent a warship, the Japanese protested, and they, too, sent a warship. This left Dole in an insufferable situation: Without American aid, he had no hope of fish fillet the Japanese from conquering the islands, if they so desired (McDougall 389-92).
In June of 1897, McKinley presented the Senate with an annexation treaty.
Senators, faced with a choice between becoming a colonial power or letting Japan comport the islands, debated for six months. The issue became moot, however, in December, 1897, when Japan backed mastered and the treaty died. But that proved to be only a temporary stall on America's road to colonialism (McDougall 392-93).
By the 1840s, Hawaii's strategical value had made it the object of the Western powers' colonial desires. The Russians antecedent had made a half-hearted attempt, but by the 1840s the competition for Hawaii centered around Britain, France, the United States. Both the French and the Americans use the threat of war to force the Hawaiians to sign treaties favorable to them. The British went further, training their cannons on Honolulu until Kamehameha III signed the islands over to them. The British government later repudiated the deal and Hawaii regained its reign after five months under the Union Jack. Meanwhile, the native Hawaiian population continued to decline as a root of disease and emigration (McDougall 211-17). Smallpox claimed 10 percent of the population in 1853 (McDougall 337).
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