The Concept of Density

In the aerosolized stir, the molecules be not bound together closely, and they shtup move willy-nilly and independently. There are no significant forces to hold the molecules to each(prenominal) other, and there is a comparatively large space in the midst of them.

For a material to change from a solid state to a liquid state, the rigid structure of the solid has to be sweep over to allow the molecules more freedom of movement, and for this to occur goose egg has to be added to the solid in the form of heat (States, 2003). The geometric organization of molecules in a solid is generally a crystallizinglisation lattice structure, with each molecule in a well-defined space relative to the other molecules (Sisler, VanderWerf and Davidson, 1967, 62). A crystal is a solid body bounded by symmetrically arranged plane surfaces (faces), giving crystalline solids a clear geometric form, and considerable mechanical strength and rigidity. The angles amid the correspondent faces of the crystals of a given substance are the same(p) in all crystals of that substance. Many solids can be identified by their crystal structure. By increasing the temperature of a solid to its break up point, which is specific for each substance, the force of some molecules will set about sufficient to overcome the binding forces of the crystal and the solid begins to melt. As further heat is applied, more molecules will break from the crystal and melt until all the crystal passes into the liquid state.

Liquids are save slightly compressible, and their volumes change only slightly in response to changes in temperature and pressure (Sisler, VanderWerf and Davidson, 1967, 53). mensurable at ordinary pressures, the densities of many substances are thousands of times greater in the liquid than in the gaseous state. The kinetic energy in liquids is largely overcome by the cohesive forces between them. Only the surface molecules with the highest kinetic energy can overcome the intermolecular attraction of neighboring molecules and leave the liquid into the gaseous phase (54).

A mole of any element has an Avogadro's enumerate of atoms (6.02x1023 atoms per mole).

By knowing the total mass and dividing it by the poor boy mass, you can determine how many moles of the element are present, and from this you can determine the number of atoms by multiplying the number of moles by Avogadro's number.

Qu. 3. An face chemist named John Dalton is considered the "father" of modern atomic surmisal (Development, 2004). Dalton had four basic themes on atomic theory: chemical substance elements are made up of atoms; the atoms of an element are indistinguishable in their throng; atoms of different elements have different masses; and atoms only combine in small, whole number ratios much(prenominal) as 1:1, 1:2, 2:3, etc. (Park, 2000). That elements are made up of atoms is still true, and has been known since the time of the ancient Greeks. The second, idea, that all atoms of an element are identical has since been disproved, but the idea of isotopes was unknown in Dalton's time (1766-1844).

In 1920, Lord Rutherford predicted the instauration of the neutron, and Walter Bothe found evidence for its existence in 1930 (Development, 2004). James Chadwick iterate Bothe's work and found these uncharged particles, which have essentially the same mass as the proton, and it was Chadwick, not Bothe, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics in 1935 for the discovery of the neutron. From this it was determined t
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