The Western Psychological Methodologies

This inattention to the present originates the compendious saying that a persons' mind is "a million miles away." The softness to focus on the present leads to strained and disturbed psychological states.

Vipassana meditation is an insightful and uncovering technique. When engaged in this variation of meditation a person should adopt a non-judgmental spatial relation toward every last(predicate) thoughts. Distractions undoubtedly plague both the novice and the see meditator. Vipassana trains the meditator to re-focus his or her attention as soon as the misdirection is noticed. Instead of forcing oneself to re-focus on the present, the meditator must simply acknowledge all thoughts, sensations, and feelings in an attitude of neutrality. Persistent and consistent Vipassana meditation strengthens a person's observational faculties (Tart and Deikman, 1991, p. 35). Buddhist psychology maintains that developing skill in self-observation leads to promised land.

The objective of Zen Buddhism is the realization of satori, or enlightenment. Enlightenment is ground on freedom and self-reliance. Two methods of Zen practice charge the spiritual aspirant in reaching satori: verbal and actional (Suzuki, undated, p. 6). The philosophical system of Zen is embodied in verbal experiences and views that possess the whole step of riddles. Zen verbalisms are "living words" whose purpose is to come home into

Suzuki, D.T. (Undated). What is Zen? Zen and Japanese Culture. Tart, C. and Deikman, A. (1991). Mindfulness, spiritual seeking and psychotherapy. The Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 23, pp. 29-52.

Engler (undated) concludes that the success of uncovering techniques much(prenominal) as Vipassana that individual(a)s possess high degrees of self-integration and autonomy. In a sense, an individual has to find himself or herself first out front self backside be lost through Buddhist psychology. Destruction of the egotism presupposes the existence of an ego to destroy. Engler (undated) criticizes Buddhism in its neglect of the earlier stages of increment psychology. A person must learn to walk before they feces run.

Disorders of self must be properly soundless before they can be eliminated. This is why psychotherapy is slender in conjunction with Buddhist psychology.

Clearly, achievement of satori requires considerable effort. The spiritual aspirant who acquires satori possesses unparalleled spiritual enlightenment. According to Fromm (1960) Zen enlightenment involves a number of essential elements including the ability to perceive the unbowed nature of one's being, the proper use of all natural energies stored within the human body, mental stability, unbridled creativity, and the capacity for the full expression of happiness and love (pp. 114-115).

Buddhism teaches that realization of the wholeness of the universe releases humankind from suffering. This is what is referred to as no-boundary awareness. A person's real Self is a stop of the whole. The real Self maintains awareness throughout all the leash states of consciousness (waking, dreaming, and sleeping). The real Self cannot be defined in terms of the five senses. It has been described as the "inner Witness," "the lordly Seer," and the "Knower" (Wilber, 1985, p. 54). Despite the fact that the real Self can be described, it is nonetheless one with the unity consciousness. This seeming contradiction in terms is on
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